系列文章
  MySql Binlog初识
 MySql Binlog事件介绍篇
 MySql Binlog事件数据篇
 Mysql通讯协议分析
 基于Netty模拟解析Binlog
  前言
 最近一段时间一直再看mysql binlog相关的内容,也整理了几篇相关的文章,对mysql的事件以及通讯协议在理论上有了一个大概的了解,但是缺少实战;本文的目的就是从实战出发,了解binlog解析的整个过程。
  解析思路
 把binlog的解析过程大致分为以下几个步骤:
 1.服务器启动首先获取上一次解析成功的位置(实例中存储在本地文件中);
 2.和mysql服务器建立连接;
 3.接受mysql发送来的binlog事件;
 4.对不同的binlog事件进行解析;
 5.将数据进行存储(实例中仅在日志中打印);
 6.存储成功后,定时记录Binaly Log位置。
  关于binlog相关的配置可以参考系列文章,里面有详解的介绍,下面对步骤进行详细的介绍;
  1.服务器启动首先获取上一次解析成功的位置(实例中存储在本地文件中)
 binlog的位置信息存储在文件namePosition,有更新也同样更新到namePosition中,部分代码如下:
  public class NamePositionStore {       private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(NamePositionStore.class);       public static final String BINLOG_NAME = "binlogName";     public static final String BINLOG_POSITIION = "binlogPosition";       private static Map<String, String> binlogMap = new HashMap<String, String>();       private static String lineSeparator = (String) System.getProperties().get("line.separator");     private static String localStoreUrl = "namePosition";       static {         loadNamePosition();     }       public static synchronized Map<String, String> loadNamePosition() {         binlogMap = load();         return binlogMap;     }       public static synchronized Map<String, String> getNamePosition() {         return binlogMap;     }       public static synchronized void putNamePosition(String binlogName, long binlogPosition) {         binlogMap.put(BINLOG_NAME, binlogName);         binlogMap.put(BINLOG_POSITIION, binlogPosition + "");           store(binlogMap);     }       public static synchronized void putNamePosition(long binlogPosition) {         binlogMap.put(BINLOG_POSITIION, binlogPosition + "");         store(binlogMap);     }               ...以下代码省略,可参考码云完整代码... }
  namePosition中存储了两个字段分别是:binlogName和binlogPosition,这两个字段会在客户端请求mysql binlog的时候需要的参数;
  2.和mysql服务器建立连接
 在文章Mysql通讯协议分析中可以看到和mysql服务器建立连接的步骤:mysql发送握手包,客户端发送认证包,mysql发送认证的结果;
  public class HandshakeHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<DataPackage> {       private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HandshakeHandler.class);       @Override     protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, DataPackage pk) throws Exception {         logger.info("Handshake start");         if (null == pk) {             return;         }         ByteBuf msg = (ByteBuf) pk.getContent();         int protocolVersion = msg.readByte();         String serverVersion = ByteUtil.NullTerminatedString(msg);         int threadId = ByteUtil.readInt(msg, 4);         logger.info("protocolVersion = " + protocolVersion + ",serverVersion = " + serverVersion + ",threadId = "                 + threadId);         String randomNumber1 = ByteUtil.NullTerminatedString(msg);         msg.readBytes(2);         byte encode = msg.readByte();         msg.readBytes(2);         msg.readBytes(13);         String randomNumber2 = ByteUtil.NullTerminatedString(msg);         logger.info("Handshake end");         AuthenticateDataBean dataBean = new AuthenticateDataBean(encode, randomNumber1 + randomNumber2,                 Constants.userName, Constants.password);         ctx.channel().writeAndFlush(new DataPackage(1, dataBean));         ctx.pipeline().remove(this);     } }
  接受mysql发送的握手包,进行相关的解析工作,其中比较重要的是两个挑战随机数,客户端在认证的时候需要使用随机数对密码加密;解析完之后客户端发送认证数据包(封装在AuthenticateDataBean),具体类信息如下:
  public class AuthenticateDataBean implements IDataBean {     /** 认证需要的用户名密码 **/     private String userName;     private String password;     /** 编码和挑战随机数 **/     private byte encode;     private String randomNumber;       ...以下代码省略,可参考码云完整代码...       @Override     public byte[] toByteArray() throws Exception {         int clientPower = PowerType.CLIENT_LONG_FLAG | PowerType.CLIENT_PROTOCOL_41                 | PowerType.CLIENT_SECURE_CONNECTION;         byte clientPowerBytes[] = ByteUtil.writeInt(clientPower, 4);         int maxLen = 0;         byte maxLenBytes[] = ByteUtil.writeInt(maxLen, 4);         byte encodeBytes[] = ByteUtil.writeInt(encode, 1);         byte zeroBytes[] = ByteUtil.writeInt(0, 23);           byte[] userNameBytes = (userName + "\0").getBytes();         byte[] passwordBytes = "".equals(password) ? new byte[0]                 : ByteUtil.passwordCompatibleWithMySQL411(password, randomNumber);         ByteBuf byteBuf = Unpooled.buffer();         byteBuf.writeBytes(clientPowerBytes);         byteBuf.writeBytes(maxLenBytes);         byteBuf.writeBytes(encodeBytes);         byteBuf.writeBytes(zeroBytes);         byteBuf.writeBytes(userNameBytes);         byteBuf.writeByte((byte) passwordBytes.length);         byteBuf.writeBytes(passwordBytes);         return byteBuf.array();     }   }
  发送的认证包到服务器之后,客户端会收到认证的结果,具体处理在AuthenticateResultHandler中:
  public class AuthenticateResultHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<DataPackage> {       private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AuthenticateResultHandler.class);       @Override     protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, DataPackage dataPackage) throws Exception {         ByteBuf msg = (ByteBuf) dataPackage.getContent();         int mark = msg.readByte();         if (mark == 0) {             Map<String, String> binlongMap = NamePositionStore.getNamePosition();             RequestBinlogDumpDataBean dataBean = new RequestBinlogDumpDataBean(Constants.serverId,                     binlongMap.get(NamePositionStore.BINLOG_NAME),                     Long.valueOf(binlongMap.get(NamePositionStore.BINLOG_POSITIION)));             ctx.channel().writeAndFlush(new DataPackage(0, dataBean));             logger.info("Authenticate success:" + ByteUtil.bytesToHexString(msg.array()));         } else {             logger.info("Authenticate fail:" + ByteUtil.bytesToHexString(msg.array()));         }         ctx.pipeline().remove(this);     } }
  如果认证成功,这时候客户端需要发送请求接受binlog的请求,这里面包含两个重要的参数就是binlogName和binlogPosition,具体信息在RequestBinlogDumpDataBean类中,结构类似AuthenticateDataBean,此处省略。
  3.接受mysql发送来的binlog事件
 服务器收到客户端的binlog请求,这时服务器如果产生了binlog日志,会发送给客户端,客户端需要一个接受binlog事件的类:
  public class BinlogEventParseHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<DataPackage> {       private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(BinlogEventParseHandler.class);       @Override     protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, DataPackage datePackage) throws Exception {         ByteBuf contentBuf = (ByteBuf) datePackage.getContent();         contentBuf.skipBytes(1);         EventHeader header = new EventHeader();         header.setTimestamp(ByteUtil.readInt(contentBuf, 4));         header.setTypeCode((byte) ByteUtil.readInt(contentBuf, 1));         header.setServerId(ByteUtil.readInt(contentBuf, 4));         header.setEventLen(ByteUtil.readInt(contentBuf, 4));         header.setNextPosition(ByteUtil.readInt(contentBuf, 4));         header.setFlags(ByteUtil.readInt(contentBuf, 2));         logger.info(header.toString());           IEventParser parser = EventParserFactory.getEventParser(header.getTypeCode());         if (parser == null) {             logger.error("不支持的binlog事件类型解析;typeCode = " + header.getTypeCode());         }         parser.parse(contentBuf, header);         if (header.getTypeCode() != EventType.ROTATE_EVENT                 && header.getTypeCode() != EventType.FORMAT_DESCRIPTION_EVENT) {             NamePositionStore.putNamePosition(header.getNextPosition());         }     } }
  首先解析事件头包括:eventType,eventLen,nextPosition等信息,然后根据事件类型,调用不同的解析器进行解析;
  4.对不同的binlog事件进行解析
 步骤3中通过不同的事件类型,获取对应的解析器,这些解析器都在EventParserFactory中,下面以FormatDescriptionEventParser为例
  public class FormatDescriptionEventParser implements IEventParser {       private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(FormatDescriptionEventParser.class);       @Override     public void parse(ByteBuf msg, EventHeader eventHeader) {         long binlogVersion = ByteUtil.readInt(msg, 2);         String serverVersion = ByteUtil.readFixedLenString(msg, 50);         long timestamp = ByteUtil.readInt(msg, 4);         byte headerLength = msg.readByte();         StringBuffer eventTypeFixDataLen = new StringBuffer();         for (int i = 0; i < 27; i++) {             eventTypeFixDataLen.append(msg.readByte() + ",");         }         logger.info("binlogVersion = " + binlogVersion + ",serverVersion = " + serverVersion + ",timestamp = "                 + timestamp + ",headerLength = " + headerLength + ",eventTypeStr = " + eventTypeFixDataLen);     } }
  根据FormatDescriptionEvent的格式读取ByteBuf里面的数据包括:binlog版本,服务器版本,时间戳,事件头长度以及每个Event的fixed part lengths,本次实战中仅仅将解析后的数据打印到日志中,没有做其他处理。
  5.将数据进行存储(实例中仅在日志中打印)
 本次使用的binlog模式是:STATEMENT,所有所有的sql语句都会发送给客户端,对应的事件是QueryEvent,包括创建表,增删改等操作:
  public class QueryEventParser implements IEventParser {       private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(QueryEventParser.class);       private static final int QUERY_EVENT_FIX_LEN = 13;       @Override     @SuppressWarnings("unused")     public void parse(ByteBuf msg, EventHeader eventHeader) {         long threadId = ByteUtil.readInt(msg, 4);         long time = ByteUtil.readInt(msg, 4);         int dbNameLen = msg.readByte();         int errorCode = ByteUtil.readInt(msg, 2);         int variableLen = ByteUtil.readInt(msg, 2);           msg.skipBytes(variableLen);           String dbName = ByteUtil.NullTerminatedString(msg);         String sql = ByteUtil.readFixedLenString(msg, (int) (eventHeader.getEventLen() - variableLen                 - EventHeader.EVENT_HEADER_LEN - QUERY_EVENT_FIX_LEN - dbName.getBytes().length - 1));         logger.info("dbName = " + dbName + ",sql = " + sql);     } }
  以上的QueryEventParser解析执行的更新语句,记录了数据库名称和相关的更新sql语句。
  6.存储成功后,定时记录Binaly Log位置
 在步骤三中的BinlogEventParseHandler类中,我们在解析玩之后,存储了nextPosition信息到文件中,方便下次启动读取,同时binlog还有一个切换binlog文件的事件,同样也需要记录;
  public class RotateEventParser implements IEventParser {       private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RotateEventParser.class);       @Override     public void parse(ByteBuf msg, EventHeader eventHeader) {         long binlogPosition = ByteUtil.readLong(msg, 8);         int variablePartLen = (int) (eventHeader.getEventLen() - EventHeader.EVENT_HEADER_LEN - 8);         byte variablePart[] = new byte[variablePartLen];         msg.readBytes(variablePart);         String binlogName = new String(variablePart);           logger.info("binlogPosition = " + binlogPosition + ",binlogName = " + binlogName);           NamePositionStore.putNamePosition(binlogName, binlogPosition);     } }
  对应的事件是RotateEvent,因为切换成新的binlongName,所有需要同时记录binlongName和binlogPosition。
  以上具体代码可以参考:
 码云:https://gitee.com/OutOfMemory/easy-binlog
 github:https://github.com/ksfzhaohui/easy-binlog
  总结
 本文旨在让大家更加了解binlog同步的大致过程,所以本文提供的项目没有经过大量的测试,仅供大家学习使用;本项目中参考了一些优秀的开源软件:mysql-binlog-connector-java和MySQL-Binlog
  个人博客:codingo.xyz